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ObjectiveTo discover and analyze single or several correlative key amino acid sites that influence the host tropism during the influenza A virus （IAV） infection based on complete internal protein gene segments of IAV strains， and to provide evidence for the study of human host-adaptive mutations of IAV. MethodsThe full-length nucleotide sequences of 43 671 IAV strains containing 6 complete internal gene segments were downloaded from the GISAID EpiFluTM database， and 698 human-tropic （HU） and 1 266 avian-tropic （AV） representative strains were included. The consensus coding sequences of the representative strains from the amphitropic category were compared by R script， and the differential amino acid sites and their polymorphisms were then obtained. The multi-site combination analysis of differential sites was conducted with R script. ResultsA total of 49 and 57 conserved differential sites were obtained from the consensus sequence comparison between AV and H1N1 （subtype from HU）， and comparison between AV and H3N2 （another subtype from HU）， separately. 79 and 65 multi-site combinations were found between HU and AV strains through 3 and 4 sites combination analysis， respectively， and a total of 11 conserved sites were involved： site 271 and 684 in PB2； site 336， 486， 581 and 621 in PB1； site 204 and 356 in PA； site 33， 305 and 357 in NP. No eligible differential sites were found in M1 and NS1. ConclusionSeveral conserved amino acid differential sites， between HU and AV strains of IAV， are found in PB2， PB1， PA and NP proteins. Instead of working as single units， these sites may have interactions， forming specific amino acid combinations that determine the host tropism of IAV collectively.
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Objective@#To investigate the effects of remifentanil combined with propofol on hemodynamics, inflammatory stress response and immune function in patients with acute abdomen complicated with septic shock.@*Methods@#From June 2017 to August 2018, 112 patients with acute abdomen complicated with septic shock who admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were enrolled in the study.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the digital table, with 56 cases in each group.The control group was anesthetized with sevoflurane combined with propofol.The observation group was anesthetized with remifentanil combined with propofol.The hemodynamic parameters of the patients entering the operating room(T0), 0.5h(T1), 1h(T2) and awake(T3) after anesthesia were recorded.The intraoperative norepinephrine dosage was recorded.The inflammatory response, stress response and immune function indicators at T0, T2 and T3 were recorded.@*Results@#Compared with T0, T1 and T2, the MAP of the two groups was higher at T3, and the differences were statistically significant(tcontrol group=4.834, 4.484, 5.378, tobservation group=6.420, 7.006, 6.152, all P<0.05). Compared with T0, the HR of the two groups was higher at T3, and the differences were statistically significant(tcontrol group=5.943, tobservation group=7.722, all P<0.05). Compared with T1 and T2, CO of the two groups was higher at T3, and the differences were statistically significant(tcontrol group=4.276, 2.262, tobservation group=6.318, 5.132, all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in MAP, HR and CO between the two groups at T0, T1, T2 and T3(all P>0.05). The doses of norepinephrine in the observation group and the control group were (1 587.7±287.5)μg and (1 937.9±397.6)μg, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.341, P<0.05). The serum levels of C reactive protein(CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and interleukin 6(IL-6) increased with time in the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant(tcontrol group=17.06, 36.13, 19.07, 3.822, 9.466, 2.874, 14.18, 26.87, 16.21, tobservation group=11.72, 20.79, 11.01, 2.810, 6.559, 3.716, 10.52, 24.56, 17.64, all P<0.05). At T2 and T3, the serum levels of CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group[T2: CRP (89.63±17.65)mg/L, TNF-α (51.16±10.16)ng/L, IL-6 (34.26±6.25)ng/L, T3: CRP (136.15±26.25)mg/L, TNF-α (58.64±11.12)ng/L, IL-6 (67.56±12.67)ng/L]were lower than those in the control group[T2: CRP (112.15±22.34)mg/L, TNF-α (59.56±11.58)ng/L, IL-6 (42.65±8.37)ng/L, T3: CRP (175.16±34.75)mg/L, TNF-α (65.79±11.35)ng/L, IL-6 (79.02±14.56)ng/L], the differences were statistically significant(t=5.919, 6.703, 4.080, 3.367, 6.010, 4.443, all P<0.05). Compared with T0, serum levels of epinephrine(E), cortisol(Cor) increased in two groups at T2 and T3, and the differences were statistically significant(tcontrol group=10.03, 8.096, 8.679, 7.029, tobservation group=6.473, 4.728, 6.330, 4.727, all P<0.05). Compared with T2, serum levels of E and Cor in two groups at T3 were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant(tcontrol group=2.400, 2.638, tobservation group=2.260, 2.162, all P<0.05). At T2 and T3, the serum levels of E, Cor in the observation group[T2: E (286.36±41.02)ng/L, Cor (262.52±29.89)μg/L, T3: E (270.35±33.59)ng/L, Cor (253.23±30.28)μg/L]were lower than those in the control group[T2: E (312.56±38.75)ng/L, Cor (287.56±38.76)μg/L, T3: E (295.79±35.12)ng/L, Cor (270.25±30.15)μg/L], the differences were statistically significant (t=3.457, 3.917, 3.828, 2.981, all P<0.05). At T0, T2 and T3, there were no statistically significant differences in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ between the two groups(all P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Remifentanil combined with propofol anesthesia can make hemodynamics more stable in patients with acute abdomen complicated with septic shock, and can alleviate inflammation and stress response.
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Objective To investigate the effects of remifentanil combined with propofol on hemodynamics,inflammatory stress response and immune function in patients with acute abdomen complicated with septic shock.Methods From June 2017 to August 2018,112 patients with acute abdomen complicated with septic shock who admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were enrolled in the study.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the digital table,with 56 cases in each group.The control group was anesthetized with sevoflurane combined with propofol.The observation group was anesthetized with remifentanil combined with propofol.The hemodynamic parameters of the patients entering the operating room(T0),0.5h(T1),1h (T2) and awake (T3) after anesthesia were recorded.The intraoperative norepinephrine dosage was recorded.The inflammatory response,stress response and immune function indicators at T0,T2 and T3 were recorded.Results Compared with T0,T1 and T2,the MAP of the two groups was higher at T3,and the differences were statistically significant(tcontrol group =4.834,4.484,5.378,tobservation group =6.420,7.006,6.152,all P ＜0.05).Compared with T0,the HR of the two groups was higher at T3,and the differences were statistically significant (tcontrol group =5.943,tobservation group =7.722,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with T1 and T2,CO of the two groups was higher at T3,and the differences were statistically significant (tcontrol group =4.276,2.262,tobservation group =6.318,5.132,all P ＜ 0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in MAP,HR and CO between the two groups at T0,T1,T2 and T3 (all P ＞0.05).The doses of norepinephrine in the observation group and the control group were (1 587.7 ± 287.5) μg and (1 937.9 ±397.6) μg,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(t =5.341,P ＜0.05).The serum levels of C reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) increased with time in the two groups,and the differences were statistically significant(tcontrol group =17.06,36.13,19.07,3.822,9.466,2.874,14.18,26.87,16.21,tobservation group =11.72,20.79,11.01,2.810,6.559,3.716,10.52,24.56,17.64,all P ＜ 0.05).At T2 and T3,the serum levels of CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group [T2:CRP (89.63 ±17.65) mg/L,TNF-α (51.16 ± 10.16) ng/L,IL-6 (34.26 ± 6.25) ng/L,T3:CRP (136.15 ±26.25) mg/L,TNF-α (58.64 ± 11.12)ng/L,IL-6 (67.56 ± 12.67)ng/L] were lower than those in the control group[T2:CRP (112.15 ±22.34) mg/L,TNF-α (59.56 ± 11.58) ng/L,IL-6 (42.65 ± 8.37) ng/L,T3:CRP (175.16 ±34.75) mg/L,TNF-α (65.79 ± 11.35) ng/L,IL-6 (79.02 ± 14.56) ng/L],the differences were statistically significant (t =5.919,6.703,4.080,3.367,6.010,4.443,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with T0,serum levels of epinephrine(E),cortisol(Cor) increased in two groups at T2 and T3,and the differences were statistically significant(tcontrol group =10.03,8.096,8.679,7.029,tobservation group =6.473,4.728,6.330,4.727,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with T2,serum levels of E and Cor in two groups at T3 were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (tcontrol group =2.400,2.638,tobservation group =2.260,2.162,all P ＜ 0.05).At T2 and T3,the serum levels of E,Cor in the observation group [T2:E (286.36 ± 41.02) ng/L,Cor (262.52 ± 29.89) μg/L,T3:E (270.35 ±33.59)ng/L,Cor (253.23 ±30.28)μg/L]were lower than those in the control group[T2:E (312.56 ±38.75)ng/L,Cor (287.56 ± 38.76) μg/L,T3:E (295.79 ± 35.12) ng/L,Cor (270.25 ± 30.15) μg/L],the differences were statistically significant (t =3.457,3.917,3.828,2.981,all P ＜ 0.05).At To,T2 and T3,there were no statistically significant differences in CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Remifentanil combined with propefol anesthesia can make hemodynamics more stable in patients with acute abdomen complicated with septic shock,and can alleviate inflammation and stress response.
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Objective@#To study the electrophysiological changes and pathological characteristics of peripheral nerve in rats exposed to 1-bromopropane through chronic inhalation.@*Methods@#40 male SD rats were randomed divided into 4 groups, and exposed to 1-bromopropane vapor at concentrations of 1 000 mg/m3, 2 000 mg/m3, 4 000 mg/m3 and fresh air respectively, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. The changes of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) , electromyography (EMG) and pathology were observed.@*Results@#After 4 weeks of exposure, the body weights of high dose group are lower than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, the high and medium dose group have a decline in MCV and CMAPs, while SCV and SNAPs descend in the high dose group (P<0.05) . The EMG examination showed that there are denervation changes in high dose group. Sciatic nerve biopsy observed by electron microscope showed that axonal degeneration and demyelination coexist in the rats exposed to high concentration.@*Conclusion@#Chronic inhalation of 1-bromopropane at the concentration of 4 000 mg/m3 can cause peripheral nerve injury, which is characterized by axonal degeneration and demyelination. Axonal degeneration is the main pathological change.
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Objective@#To observe the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) and Mecobalamin on chronic peripheral neuropathy in rats induced by 1-bromopropane.@*Methods@#36 male SD rats were exposed to 1-bromopropane vapor at concentrations of 4 000 mg/m3, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. The rats were randomed divided into 4 groups, and treated by Mecobalamin for 300 μg/kg qd, NGF for 40 μg/kg qd, Mecobalamin+NGF with the dose as mentioned above, respecively. The control group were fed in normal condition. The changes of Sciatic nerve conduction velocity (NCV) , electromyography (EMG) and pathology were observed 30 days later.@*Results@#The nerve conduction velocity were decreased in all the rats. Compared with the control group, the motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) was improved in group Mecobalamin and group Mecobalamin+NGF, The difference was statistically significant, as the sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) was improved only in group Mecobalamin+NGF. Sciatic nerve biopsy observed by electron microscope showed that myelinated nerve fibers were obvious swelling, lamellar separation, partial myelin vacuolization, and axonal degeneration. After treatment with exogenous nerve growth factor, the number and severity of damaged nerve fibers were restored.@*Conclusion@#Exogenous nerve growth factor contributes to the recovery of peripheral nerve damage induced by 1-bromopropane.
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AIM:To investigate the effect of renal denervation ( RDN) by radiofrequency catheter ablation on the expression of aquaporins ( AQP) in dog kidneys .METHODS:Adult Chinese Kunming dogs ( n=12 ) were randomly divided into RDN group and control group (6 for each group).The dogs in RDN group underwent bilateral RDN using ra-diofrequency catheter ablation , and radiofrequency catheter was positioned in bilateral renal artery without ablation in con -trol group.The levels of norepinephrine (NE) and AQP1~3 in the renal tissues were detected 1 month after RDN, and blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed at baseline and 1 month after RDN.RESULTS: The level of NE in RDN group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01).The expression of AQP1~3 in the renal cortex and medulla was lower in RDN group than that in control group .RDN also caused a substantial BP reduction (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:RDN substantially decreases the tissue levels of NE and AQP in dog kidneys , and also decreases BP sig-nificantly , which might be involved in the mechanism of BP reduction by RDN .Renal sympathetic nerve plays an excitatory role in the regulation of AQP in the kidney.
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In recent years, the laparoscopic anterior rectal cancer resection is increasingly applied in clinical practice, however, laparoscopic operations and stapling techniques can bring a series of related complications. The anastomotic bleeding is one of the early complications in laparoscopic anterior rectal cancer resections. If the continuous anastomotic bleeding is not diagnosed or managed in time, it could lead to serious consequences, such as secondary surgery and shock. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of anastomotic bleeding is meaningful. This paper investigates the reasons of anastomotic bleeding after laparoscopic anterior resection of rectal cancer, and introduces related preventions and treatments. Conservative treatment can be used first for small or delayed bleeding. As for acute bleeding from low anastomosis, transanal suture hemostasis can be considered. When the bleeding comes from high anastomosis and is massive and active, laparoscopic or open surgery must be performed immediately.
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Humans , Anastomotic Leak , General Surgery , Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Hemorrhage , Laparoscopy , Rectal Neoplasms , General SurgeryABSTRACT
[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To evaluate the guiding effect of high-frequency stimulation ( HFS) on renal denervation ( RDN) , and to compare the similarities and differences of blood pressure changes at the time of electrical stimulation and radiofrequency ablation .METHODS:A total of 6 Kunming dogs were included in this study .Renal artery abnormalities were excluded by angiography .High-frequency stimulation and radiofrequency ablation were performed at the same sites from distal to proximal segments of the renal artery .Invasive blood pressure ( BP) was recorded during the whole proce-dure.The change of the blood pressure was analyzed .HE and Masson staining was adopted to detect the structural changes in the wall of the renal artery and surrounding tissues .The immumohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH) was used to observe the renal nerve damage after ablation .RESULTS: Electrical stimulation and radiofrequency ablation were delivered in a total of 50 sites.The BP increasing response was induced at 34%sites (n=17), while the rest sites (66%, n=33) had no response.Compared with the baseline , HFS caused the increases in systolic BP of (0.34 ±3.38), (0.41 ±3.04), (10.47 ±5.73), (13.27 ±3.63), (10.17 ±1.87) and (0.78 ±1.87) mmHg in 6 serial 20 s time segments during 120 s of HFS at positive BP response sites .Similarly, the increases in systolic BP by (-0.88 ±3.44) , (-1.64 ±3.47), (13.17 ±3.12), (12.82 ±3.21), (9.50 ±2.68) and ( -6.09 ±2.21) mmHg were observed dur-ing 120 s of ablation procedure at the same sites in 6 serial 20 s time segments .At non-responding sites , HFS and ablation failed to cause a significant increase in systolic BP .The mean area of nerves in the response sites was ( 0.51 ±0.28 ) mm2, whereas that in non-response sites was (0.09 ±0.06) mm2(P<0.01).The average absorbance values of TH in re-nal nerves at ablation and non-ablation sites were 0.031 ±0.015 and 0.085 ±0.018 ( P <0.01 ) , respectively . CONCLUSION:Renal sympathetic nerves can be effectively mapped by HFS .Radiofrequency ablation guided by HFS is valid to injure sympathetic nerves around renal artery .
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Objective To investigate clinical value of transurethral bipolar plasma cutting and transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia,to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Methods 100 cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia were selected,according to surgical treatment,they were divided into control group and observation group.50 patients in the control group received TURP surgical treatment,50 patients in the observation group were given TUPKP surgical treatment.The patients were followed up for 3 months,the indwelling catheter time, weight and other clinical indicators of glandular tissue were compared,serum sodium and hemoglobin levels were observed,the quality of life index,international Prostate Symptom Score,complications and other indicators were compared. Results In the observation group,operative time was (60.54 ±8.37)min,blood loss was (108.43 ±21.27)mL, hospital stay was (7.09 ±2.25)d,which were shorter than those of the control group (70.24 ±12.22)min,(188.76 ± 21.36)mL,(8.63 ±2.76)d,the differences were statistically significant (t =5.441,P =0.012;t =8.326,P =0.001;t =6.216,P =0.006).In the observation group after three months,maximum flow rate was (18.95 ±4.11)mL/s, residual urine volume was (28.74 ±4.55)mL,IPSS was (5.12 ±1.27)points,QOL was (1.43 ±0.24)scores, which were better than those of the control group (14.24 ±3.77)mL/s,(20.85 ±5.11)mL,IPSS(6.95 ±1.44)points, QOL(2.03 ±0.32)points,the differences were statistically significant (t =8.763,P =0.000;t =7.616,P =0.003;t =5.472,P =0.011;t =8.044,P =0.002).The incidence rate of complication in the observation group was 10.00%, which was significantly lower than 22.00% in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =5.437,P =0.012).Conclusion TUPKP treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia has significant clinical effect, which can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life with good safety,it is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the bladder neo-plasm induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in Wistar rats. Methods Seventy-two female rats were randomly divid-ed into two groups, treatment group and control group. The rat model of bladder tumor was established by intravesical instilla-tion of MNU (2mL/time, once every two weeks) inside bladder. Rats in treatment group were given EGCG (2 mL/time, once/day), and control group were given the same volume of distilled water. Six rats were executed respectively at the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th week, and the bladder histopathological changes were studied in two groups. Results The untypical hyper-plasia was observed after 5 weeks. The bladder neoplasm was observed at the 11th week in control group. The bladder neo-plasm was not found in treatment group. There was a significantly lower pathological score in treatment group than that of control group except for the first two weeks (P＜0.05). Conclusion EGCG is effective for treatment of the bladder neo-plasm induced by MNU.
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ObjectiveTo study the clinical features of the bilateral frontal brain contusion with cerebral hernia center and its treatment strategies. MethodsThe clinical data of 76 patients with cerebral central hernia were restropectively analyzed. ResultsIn 76 patients,there were 53 cases survive,23 cases died.The life and survival quality of these patients were evaluated according to the Karnofsky scale systerm :46 patients underwent surgery,including 35 cases with good recovery,8 cases with long-term coma or unable to look after themselves,3 cases with death;10 cases underwent a expectant treatment,of which,6 cases with good recovery,4 cases with long-term coma or unable to look after themselves.The other 20 cases died of central brain stem failure,with a central hernia when admissioned. ConclusionPatients with bilateral frontal brain contusion were extremely complicated with central hernia,and had a suddenly deteriored condition.Close observation of changes were critical importance.The surgery should be carried out before "diencephalon period",for most recovery well after surgery.Patients with diffuse brain swelling should go under the depressioning surgery as earlier as possible.
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Objective To investigate alterations of balance function in patients with mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI),and the possibility of using posturography to differentiate aMCI,mild-moderate AD and normal subjects. Methods The balance function of 20 patients with mild-moderate AD and 20 patients with aMCI were evaluated by posturography,and 20 healthy subjects of the same age range were recruited as controls.Results All posturography measures were significantly altered in mild-moderate AD patients compared with normal controls,with limits of stability( ( 15 398 ± 926 ) mm2 vs ( 31 654 ± 2132 ) mm2 ),open-eyed Mean X ( ( 10. 2 ± 4. 1 ) mm vs (5.8 ± 1. 4)mm) ,Mean Y(( -29.8 ± 10.2)mm vs ( -14.9 ±4.4) mm),Max X((30.5 ±9.5)mm vs (18.3 ±4. 1)mm ),Max Y((42.7 ± 11.4)mm vs (23.3 ±6.8)mm),LSKG((528.4 ± 105.4)mm vs (390. 3 ± 68.4 ) mm ),SSKG ( ( 252. 5 ± 89. 7 ) mm2 vs ( 178.8 ± 40. 9 ) mm2 ),close-eyed Mean X ((13. 1 ±4. 5) mm vs (7.9 ± 1.5)mm) ,Mean Y (( -58.2 ± 16. 9) mm vs ( -25.6 ±5.4) mm) ,Max X ((37.7±10.5)mm vs (24.7 ±7.3) mm ),Max Y ((78.5±18.7)mm vs (39.9 ±9.9) mm),LSKG ((816.6±171.3) mm vs (533.5 ±97.4) mm),SSKG((649.0 ± 129.7) mm2 vs (290.5 ±73.3) mm2),respectively ( t = 8.57; open-eyed F = 17.41,38. 10,60. 46,102. 10,29. 31,27. 85; close-eyed F = 37.20,541.79,34. 51,185.56,122. 83,384. 27 ;all P ＜0. 05) ;limits of stability ( (23 921 ± 1637 )mm2 vs (31 654 ±2132 ) mm2 ) and mean Y ( Antero-posterior sway,( - 39. 8 ± 8. 6 ) mm vs ( - 25.6±5.4 ) mm) were the only parameters which discriminated between aMCI and normal controls,respectively ( t = 6. 50,P = 0. 038; t =- 15.34,P = 0. 012). Conclusions Impairment in balance is a feature not only of mild-moderate AD,but also of aMCI,and posturography may be used as a possible test in differentiating between normal subjects,patients with aMCI and patients with mild-moderate AD whose motor performance and balance features are otherwise clinically normal,limits of stability and mean Y are the most sensitive parameters.
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Objective To explore the near-term therapeutic effect and long-term result of stereotactie surgery in treatment of moderate hypertensive intraeerebral hemorrhage and discuss related problems of the surgery.Methods 60 cases of moderate hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were divided into two groups at random.30 cases treated by stereotactie surgery,the others treated by nonsurgical method, the near-term rebleeding rate, mortality rate and longterm living quality of the two groups were analyzed and compared.Results There were no statistical differences in rebleeding rate and mortality rate between the two groups( all P >0.05 ).The long-term result indicated that there was statistical difference in GOS grades between the two groups( P <0.05).The surgical group had better result than nonsurgical group.Conclusion The patients suffered for moderate hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage treated by stereotsefic surgery had better long-term therapeutic effect than those treated by nonsurgical method.
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Objective To study the complications and their management of plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate (PKRP). Methods Complications and their management of 51 cases of PKRP from May 2003 to June 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Complications of the procedure were as follows. Bladder spasms occurred in 27 cases (accompanying hemorrhage in 2 cases and urge incontinence in 6 cases), and the symptoms disappeared after patient-controlled intravenous analgesia and M-receptor blocker (tolterodine). Postoperative bleeding occurred in 6 cases. Continuous irrigation with normal saline and medical therapy were given in 3 cases, and open surgery was required in 3 cases with severe bleeding. All bleeding patients obtained a full recovery of voiding function without re-bleeding. Urge incontinence occurred in 13 cases, and was cured with functional exercises of pelvic floor muscles and M-receptor blocker (tolterodine) administration. Stress incontinence was observed in 1 case, and a penile clamp had been used to control incontinence. Among 7 cases of urinary retention after operation, a re-operation of PKRP was conducted in 2 cases and oral medication was carried out in 5. The voiding function recovered well in all the 7 cases. In 5 cases of urethral stricture, urethral dilatation was employed in 3 cases and urethrotomy was performed in 2 cases to obtain a good recovery of voiding function. Conclusions Bladder spasm, postoperative bleeding, incontinence, urinary retention, and urethral stricture are common complications of PKRP. Strict adherence to technique and timely and proper management of complications are considered essential to improve results.
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Zinc, copper and iron contents of pooled hair samples of primary and secondary school pupils in Beijing City were determined and their relations with the age and sex of the pupils were discussed. The zinc content of the hair varied with the age of the pupils more significantly than the copper and iron content, and therefore, it might be taken as an indicator of the physical development of the pupils.
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Copper and iron, chelated by cupferron and extracted by methyl-iso-butyl-ketone at pH 3.4-4.2, are enriched and the absorption signals of AAS are enhanced by the organic solvent, thus result in a smaller sample requirement (less than 100 mg hair) and a higher sensitivity (almost 20 times the original aqueous solution). The recoveries of zinc, copper and iron for human hair analysis are in the range of 98-106%, and the coefficients of variation are 0.6, 2.5 and 6.5% respectively. The recommended method is simple, easy to manipulate and suitable to medical application.
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The zinc content in red blood cells has been proved to be a better index than either serum Zn or plasma Zn for nutritional and metabolic studies. A simple direct dilution method followed by AAS determination of Zn has been developed. The optimum dilution ratio is found to be 1 : 19 of deionized water. Recovery of this method is consistantly between 96-97% with a coefficient of variation less than 3%.